File Handling in C Language

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C File Handling - C files I/O functions handles data on secondary storage device, such as a hard disk. C can handle files as Stream-oriented data (Text) files
File Handling concept in C language is used for store a data permanently in computer using text file or DAT file in this post let we understand file handling basic .

 

File Operations and Functions

Introduction to file File Pointers

we have been using the functions such as scanf, printf, getch, putch etc to read and write data on the variable and arrays for storing data inside the programs. But this approach poses the following programs.

1. The data is lost when program terminated or variable goes out of scope.

2. Difficulty to use large volume of data.

We can overcome these problems by storing data on secondary devices such as Hard Disk. The data is storage on the devices using the concept of ''file''.

A file is collection of related records, a record is composed of several fields and field is a group of character.

The most straightforward use of files is via a file pointer.

  FILE *fp;              fp is a pointer to a file.

The type FILE, is not a basic type, instead it is defined in the header file stdio.h , this file must be included in your program.

File Operations

1. Create a new file.

2. Open an existing file

3. Read from file

4. Write to a file

5. Moving a specific location in a file(Seeking)

6. Closing File

Opening a File

fp = fopen(filename, mode);

The filename and mode are both strings.

Here modes can be

"r" read

"w" write, overwrite file if it exists

"a" write, but append instead of overwrite

"r+" read & write, do not destroy file if it exists

"w+" read & write, but overwrite file if it exists

"a+" read & write, but append instead of overwrite

"b" may be appended to any of the above to force the file to be opened in binary mode rather than text mode.

Eg.

FILE *fp;

fp=fopen(''input.txt'',''r'');

//Opens inputs.txt file in read mode

fclose(fp); //close file

Sequential file access is performed with the following library functions.

1. fopen() - Create a new file

2. fclose() - Close file

3. getc() - Read character from file

4. putc() - Write character to a file

5. getw() - Read Integer from file

6. putw() - Write Integer to a file

7. fprintf() - Write set of data values

8. fscanf() - Read set of data values

 

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