operator in c

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Explain Operators in C?

Different types of operators Present in C are

1.Arithmetic operator
2. Relational Operators
3.Logical Operators
4.Assignment Operators
5.Increments and Decrement Operators
6.Conditional Operators
7.Bitwise Operators
8. Special Operators

Arithmetic Operators:

Arithmetic operators means do the all arithmetic operations like as addition, subtraction, multiplication , division, modules etc.
All the operators have almost the same meaning as in other languages. Both unary and binary operations are available in C language. Unary operations operate on a singe operand, therefore the number 5 when operated by unary – will have the value –5.

Arithmetic Operators:

__________________________________________________________

  Operator                            Meaning _______________________________________

                    +                                              Addition or Unary Plus 
__________________________________________________________
                    –                                             Subtraction or Unary Minus 
__________________________________________________________
                    *                                                Multiplication
__________________________________________________________
                     /                                                     Division 
__________________________________________________________
                    %                                                Modulus Operator

__________________________________________________________

Example:

#include//include header file stdio.h

void main()  // the start of the program

{

int numb1, num2, sum, sub, mul, div, mod;           //declaration of variables

scanf (“%d %d”, &num1, &num2);                      //inputs the operands

sum = num1+num2;    //addition and storing in sum.

printf(“\n Thu sum is = %d”, sum);            //display the output

sub = num1-num2;                                    //subtraction and storing in sub.

printf(“\n Thu difference is = %d”, sub);      //display the output

mul = num1*num2;                                    //multiplication storing in mul.

printf(“\n Thu product is = %d”, mul);              //display the output

div = num1/num2;     //division storing in div.

printf(“\n Thu division is = %d”, div);  

//display the output

mod = num1%num2;                                    //modulus and storing in mod.

printf(“\n Thu modulus is = %d”, mod);              //display the output

}

Integer Arithmetic

When an arithmetic operation is performed on two whole numbers or integers than such an operation is called as integer arithmetic.

  It always gives an integer as the result.

 Let x = 20 and y = 5 be 2 integer numbers.

Then the integer operation leads to the following results.

x+y=27

x–y=15

x*y=100

x%y=0

x/y=4
In integer division the fractional part is truncated

 

What is Floating point arithmetic

When an arithmetic operation is preformed on two real numbers or fraction numbers such an operation is called floating point

arithmetic.

The floating point results can be truncated according to the properties requirement.

The remainder operator is not applicable for floating point arithmeticoperands.

Let x=14.0 and y=4.0
then
x+y=18.0
x–y=10.0
x*y=56.0
x/y=3.50

what is Mixed mode arithmetic

When one of the operand is real and other is an integer and if the arithmetic operation is carried out on these 2 operands then it is

called as mixed mode arithmetic.

If anyone operand is of real type then the result will always be real thus 15/10.0 = 1.5

2. Relational Operators

Often it is required to compare the relationship between operands and bring out a decision and program accordingly. This is when

The relational operator comes into picture.

C supports the following relational operators.

__________________________

   Operator                          Meaning  
_______________________________________
    <                                 is less than                   
    <=                               isless than or equal to    
    >                                is greater than
   >=                               is greater than or equal to
     ==                                  is equal to                                                
     !=                                   is not equal to
________________________________________

It is required to compare the marks of 2 students, salary of 2 persons, we can compare them using relational operators.

A simple relational expression contains only one relational operator and takes the following form.

Where exp1 and exp2 are expressions, which may be simple constants, variables or combination of them. Given below is a list of

Examples of relational expressions and evaluated values.

6.5 <= 25 TRUE
-65 > 0 FALSE
10 < 7 + 5 TRUE

Relational expressions are used in decision making statements of C language such as if, while and for statements to decide

the course of action of a running program.

3. Logical Operators

C has the following logical operators, they compare or evaluate logical and relational expressions. 



                          __________________________________________
                                 
                                      Operator                            Meanings
                          __________________________________________
                                          &&                     Logical AND
                                            ||                                       Logical OR
                                            !                                       Logical NOT
                         ___________________________________________

Logical AND (& &) :

This operator is used to evaluate 2 conditions or expressions with relational operators simultaneously. If both the expressions to the left and to the right of the logical operator is true then the whole compound expression is true.
Example:      a>b && x==10
The expression to the left is a > b and that on the right is x == 10 the whole expression is true only if both expressions are true i.e., if a is greater than b and x is equal to 10.

Logical OR (||) :

The logical OR is used to combine 2 expressions or the condition evaluates to true if any one of the 2 expressions is true.
Example :      a

The expression evaluates to true if any one of them is true or if both of them are true. It evaluates to true if a is less than either m or n and when a is less than both m and n.

Logical NOT (!) :

The logical not operator takes single expression and evaluates to true if the expression is false and evaluates to false if the expression is true. In other words it just reverses the value of the expression.
For example:
! (x >= y) the NOT expression evaluates to true only if the value of x is neither greater than or equal to y

4. Assignment Operators

The Assignment Operator evaluates an expression on the right of the expression and substitutes it to the value or variable on the left of the expression.
Example :   x = a + b
Here the value of a + b is evaluated and substituted to the variable x.

In addition, C has a set of shorthand assignment operators of the form.
Varoper = exp;

Here var is a variable, exp is an expression and oper is a C binary arithmetic operator. The operator oper = is known as shorthand assignment operator


Example :
x + = 1 is same as x = x + 1
The commonly used shorthand assignment operators are as follows

what is Shorthand assignment operators

Statement with simple Statement with

assignment operator  shorthand operator

     a = a + 1                          a += 1
     a = a – 1                            a -= 1
     a = a * (n+1)                a *= (n+1)
     a = a / (n+1)                 a /= (n+1)
     a = a % b                       a %= b

Example for using shorthand assignment operator

#define N 100                      //creates a variable N with constant value 100

#define A 2                         //creates a variable A with constant value 2

main()                               //start of the program

{

int a;                              //variable a declaration

a = A;                              //assigns value 2 to a

while (a < N)                       //while value of a is less than N

{                                   //evaluate or do the following

printf(“%d \n”,a);                    //print the current value of a

a *= a;                             //shorthand form of a = a * a

}                                   //end of the loop

}                                   //end of the program

Output :
2
4
16

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